Good afternoon King Crimson :)
For me, 'vital' music is like 'vital' poetry ~ it is always there, but it is different things to different people.
I'm sure that to many of today's teenagers, the music currently filling the Pop charts is what they would call 'vital' - the sounds of their lives {they live in the moment, unable to even consider what could be happening to them 5 years from now}, the songs that mirror their existance in a throwaway, self-obsessed, manufactured society.
To me, that is the sort of music I could very happily avoid forever!
My 'vital' music is that which connects with me on an emotional level. It is music that endures with me ~ that I will still be regularly listening to 5 or 10 years from now, rather than the handful of 'in-the-moment' songs I also love. It can be from any genre, any era {new bands, or older bands making new songs}, complex or simple, a soundscape or a stripped-back acoustic, lyrical or instrumental.
A common thread in recent 'vitals' seems to be reflective back to the Folky days of the early-mid 70s, in music and/or lyrics. However, I wish to state here that I'm not big on 'Nu-Folk', which is often actually Indie bands or acoustic singer/songwriter artists incorporating Folk themes. I've found a song here or there that I like, but I'm not sure just how much those songs will endure with me.
If I'm being honest, I'm not sure I've come across any of *my* 'vital' music very recently, but I always know it when I find it...
MQ2: I'm wary of the term 'favourite', but a few acts I'm currently enjoying a selection of songs from are:
Saltfishforty {Scottish trad} [18 songs from 3 albums]
The Owl Service {English Folk} [14 songs from 2 albums]
Els Berros de la Cort {Folk /Medieval /World} [1 album and 2 songs]
MQ3: Ooo... working with real 'favourites' from 'The List' here :~
*Saltfishforty = closer to Old Blind Dogs than Capercaillie, this fiddle & guitar duo are very much 'themselves' and bring their own personalities to the music of Orkney.
*The Owl Service = there are moments listening to them when I can hear elements of Sandy Denny and Fairport Convention, and it does seem they are a big influence on the band. There are also feelings of the soundtrack to "The Wicker Man" {original}, and they have made a couple of songs I feel will endure with me.
*Els Berros de la Cort = a Spanish street-theater ensemble, I heard one of their songs on a World music radio show and at once thought of Blackmore's Night. Their music is more 'pure' in Medieval terms - no electric guitars here! - but they sound so enthusiastic in the playing that it matters not.
MQ4: Everything goes in cycles {as is evidenced by the current surge in 1970s Folk influence!}, and there will always be someone out there making great music which will be found by its intended audience.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dtLV_jmaMTY&fmt=18